He aha ka polyurethane?He aha nā pono a me nā pōʻino o nā mea polyurethane?

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana ʻoihana i ka makahiki 1950, ua ulu wikiwiki nā mea polyurethane (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā polymers molecular kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa nā hui carbamate i ke kaulahao nui o nā macromolecules - NHCOO).Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻonaninani polymer, loaʻa iā ia kāna mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i nā helu like ʻole o nā pūʻulu hana a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pūʻulu hana e like me nā koi hana like ʻole, a hoʻohana i nā kaʻina hana like ʻole e hana i nā huahana polyurethane me nā ʻano hana like ʻole.

Aia kekahi mau mea ʻaʻole i loko o ka ʻāpana ʻōpala, e like me nā plastics foamed, nā huahana plastic rigid, nā uhi, nā fibers synthetic kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻili kūlohelohe, nā adhesives, etc.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea polyurethane i nā ʻano like ʻole, no ka laʻana, i ka ʻoihana aerospace, ʻoi aku ka māmā o kāna mau huahana paʻakikī, nā huahana palupalu a me nā huahana foam ma mua o nā mea metala (koʻikoʻi loa no nā mokulele), hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā uhi ʻenekini mokulele, nā wikiwiki wikiwiki, nā antennas. ʻO nā uhi, nā mea hoʻopiha pahu pahu mokulele, nā pahu pahu carburetor e hoʻohana ai i ka wahie, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻano kākoʻo like ʻole a me nā cushions noho no ka hoʻonani o loko, a no ka insulation i ka ʻoihana halihali.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā cushions noho, nā lako hale, a me nā huila me nā huahana polyurethane, a ʻo ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kaʻa kaʻa.

ʻOiai he nui nā ʻano o nā huahana polyurethane, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe o kāna ʻano huahana: nā huahana foam maʻalahi, nā huahana paʻa a me nā elastomers.

Inā hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hana hoʻoheheʻe huahana i ka polyurethane rubber, paʻa mau ia a hiki ke vulcanized me ka sulfur, peroxide a me polyisocyanate, a hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia e like me ke kaʻina hana a me ke ʻano o nā huahana lāʻau maʻamau.I ka hihia o nā elastomers thermoplastic, hiki ke hana ʻia e ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana.I ka hihia o ka polyurethane plastic, hiki ke hana ʻia ma ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka lipine.

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana polyurethane foam maʻalahi ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ke kaʻina hana ka mea maʻamau he ʻelua ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe wai.ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi pūʻulu ka hopena hui mua o ka polyol polymer a me ka isocyanate, a laila ua hui pū ʻia nā reactants ma luna aʻe me kahi hui ʻē aʻe me ka wai, ka mea hoʻoulu, stabilizer, catalyst a me nā mea kōkua like ʻole e hana i ka organik aminoformaldehyde Ester.I ka manawa like, hoʻohana nā reactants e like me nā hui urea i kēia hopena e hoʻohua i ke kalapona kalapona, hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o ka wela, a laila hoʻohana i nā catalysts e hoʻoponopono i ka wikiwiki o ka huʻi ʻana, a hope loa e hoʻopau i kahi huahana ʻaʻahu.

I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau nei ka ʻoihana hana kaʻa ma ke ʻano o ka palekana, hōʻoluʻolu a me ka lōʻihi, a aia nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka lōʻihi ma lalo o nā kūlana hana kiʻekiʻe o ka haʻalulu-absorbing a me ka damping elastomer.Ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano mea hoʻopūhā hou i hana ʻia me ka polyurethane foam palupalu ma nā mākeke ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona mau kino kino a me ka hopena hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma mua o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe pulupulu.